Sains Malaysiana 53(10)(2024): 3289-3299

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5310-05

Kelakuan Postur dan Lokomotor Ungka Tangan Putih (Hylobates lar) di Pusat Menyelamat Hidupan Liar Kebangsaan

(Postural Behaviour and Locomotion of White-handed Gibbon (Hylobates lar) at National Wildlife Rescue Centre)

NUR NASYUHAA AZWA ZAKARIYA & BADRUL MUNIR MD-ZAIN*

Jabatan Sains Biologi dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 29 April 2024/Diterima: 30 Julai 2024

Abstrak

Ungka Tangan Putih (Hylobates lar) merupakan primat Hylobatidae yang sedang diancam kepupusan. Ungka ini mendapat kurang perhatian daripada segi penyelidikan disebabkan faktor kepayahan menjejakinya di lapangan. Oleh itu adalah menarik untuk mengkaji aspek kelakuan Ungka Tangan Putih dalam persekitaran kurungan. Kajian penggunaan ruang, kelakuan postur dan lokomotor Ungka Tangan Putih di pusat pemuliharaan ex-situ belum pernah dikaji. Kefahaman tentang kelakuan yang berkait dengan habitat yang khusus akan meluaskan lagi pemahaman mengenai cara primat bertindak balas terhadap keadaan persekitaran yang berbeza. Objektif utama penyelidikan ini ialah mengkaji penggunaan ruang dalam kurungan dan kanopi serta kelakuan postur dan lokomotor Ungka Tangan Putih di Pusat Menyelamat Hidupan Liar Kebangsaan (NWRC), Sungkai, Perak. Penyelidikan telah dijalankan dengan melakukan pemerhatian fokus ke atas tujuh subjek dari Disember 2021 hingga Mac 2022. Penggunaan ruang kurungan dan kanopi oleh ungka paling tertumpu di bahagian aras tengah (42.37%) berbanding aras atas (24.24%) dan bawah (33.03%). Terdapat 13 jenis kelakuan postur yang ditunjukkan oleh Ungka Tangan Putih iaitu duduk, cangkung, sandar, berpaut, baring, forelimb-suspend, sit/forelimb-suspend, flexed stand/forelimb-suspend, unimanual forelimb suspend, typical forelimb-suspend, forelimb-hindlimb-suspend, hanging upside down dan rocking. Tujuh jenis kelakuan lokomotor yang telah dicerap adalah bipedal, bipedal with hands, quadrupedal walk, brachiate, lompat, bermain dan extended-elbow vertical climb. Postur duduk (18.37%) dan brachiate (50.40%) merupakan kelakuan postur dan lokomotor yang paling kerap diperhatikan.  Hasil kajian ini dapat digunakan untuk menambah baik keadaan persekitaran dalaman kurungan Ungka Tangan Putih dalam meningkatkan pengurusan kebajikan ungka dalam kurungan di NWRC.

Kata kunci: ex-situ; Hylobatidae; kurungan; primat terancam; mawas; mawas kecil

Abstract

The White-handed Gibbon (Hylobates lar) is a Hylobatidae primate that is under threat of extinction. Gibbons received less attention in terms of research due to the difficulty of tracking them in the field. Therefore, it is interesting to study the behavioral aspects of the White-handed Gibbon in captive environment. Studies of space use, postural behavior and locomotors of White-handed Gibbon at the ex-situ conservation centre have never been studied. An understanding of specific habitat-related behaviours will broaden the understanding of how primates respond to different environmental conditions. The main objective of this study was to examine the space used in captivity and canopies as well as the postural and locomotor behaviors of the White-handed Gibbon at the National Wildlife Rescue Centre (NWRC), Sungkai, Perak. The study was conducted by focal observations on seven gibbon subjects from December 2021 to March 2022. The use of enclosure and canopy space by gibbons was most concentrated in the middle level (42.37%) compared to the upper (24.24%) and lower (33.03%) levels. There were 13 types of posture behaviors exhibited by the White-handed Gibbon which are sitting, squat, leaning, clinging, lying down, forelimb-suspend, sit/forelimb-suspend, flexed stand/forelimb-suspend, unimanual forelimb suspend, typical forelimb-suspend, forelimb-hindlimb-suspend, hanging upside down and rocking. The seven types of locomotor behaviors that have been observed are bipedal, bipedal with hands, quadrupedal walk, brachiate, jump, play and extended-elbow vertical climb. Sitting postures (18.37%) and brachiate (50.40%) were the most commonly observed postural and locomotor behaviors.  The results of this study can be used to improve the environmental conditions of the White-handed Gibbon in improving the management of gibbon welfare in captivity in the NWRC.

Keywords: Ape; captive; endangered primate; ex-situ; Hylobatidae; small ape

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: abgbadd@ukm.edu.my